Redes sociales y desinformación en salud: el caso de facebook
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62758/re.v2i3.106Palabras clave:
Facebook, Desinformación, Redes Sociales, Información en Salud, Salud Pública, COVID-19Resumen
La pandemia de COVID-19 puso de manifiesto la importancia de la calidad y la fiabilidad de la información de salud, especialmente la que consumen a diario los ciudadanos a través de Facebook y otras redes sociales digitales. Los estudios sobre el comportamiento informacional no pueden ignorar que el feed de noticias de Facebook emerge como un canal de información para muchos individuos, que leen y comparten información sobre salud con diferentes propósitos, incluyendo noticias falsas y fuentes de desinformación, ignorando los criterios básicos de evaluación o las estrategias de comprobación de hechos. Este artículo pretende analizar los resultados de la investigación sobre el comportamiento hacia la información de salud online a través de las redes sociales digitales, centrándose en Facebook, en el periodo más intenso de la crisis pandémica y el fenómeno de la desinformación. Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica a partir de 51 trabajos recientes (entre 2020-2021) con los siguientes objetivos: conocer el comportamiento informacional online en el contexto de los medios sociales; evaluar el panorama de la información de salud falsa o distorsionada que se transmite a través de Facebook; y, conocer algunas propuestas para contrarrestar la infodemia provocada por la pandemia. Los resultados muestran dos enfoques de investigación dominantes: el análisis del comportamiento informacional, sobre todo de las actividades de adquisición e información compartida; y el análisis del contenido publicado, centrado en la infodemia, el comportamiento social y las estrategias de comunicación de las autoridades de salud pública. A pesar de la preocupación por la desinformación, la investigación revela un escenario todavía incierto con vistas a encontrar soluciones para contrarrestar este grave problema de salud pública.
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